Astonishingly, after decades of discussion, there is still a lot of uncertainty as to what the anesthesia medical direction rules mean by the requirement that the medically-directing anesthesiologist be “immediately available.”There has never been a numerical time or distance limit for “immediately available,” although there was a substantial debate about potential parameters with the American Society of Anesthesiologists in the 1990s. Thus, in investigating a False Claims Act whistleblower case that began in 2008, auditors from the Department of Health and Human Services Office of the Inspector General (OIG), acting with the Department of Justice, performed an on-site visit to the surgical facilities at the University of California-Irvine to see for themselves how long it would take a supervising anesthesiologist to travel between ORs, including ORs located in different buildings. An auditor from the San Diego OIG field office described the visit to UCI in a May 8, 2013 OIG podcast:Well, when...