For the last several months the literature on Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs) has flourished. So has the volume of workshops, seminars and webinars, all with the intent of educating providers on what the future will look like, and many addressing how physicians might participate. Independent anesthesia groups are trying to not only understand the ACO rules but are also working hard to determine how they will function in any of the possible structures that emerge in their communities.There are various traditional obstacles to the formation of multispecialty groups, such as those posed by the antitrust and antikickback laws.    The Patient Protection and Affordable Health Care Act calls upon the Secretary of Health and Human Services (HHS) to adopt regulations that will foster the development of ACOs, and that includes resolving potential conflicts between the antitrust, antikickback and Stark laws and the efficiencies expected to result from the formation of ACOs.Given that...